Embedded software and firmware: what are the differences?

Firmware is a specific form of software in hardware components, such as microcontrollers, chips, or devices. It is low-level software that runs directly within the hardware and provides basic functionality and control.

Firmware: Tasks and Functionality

Firmware performs several essential tasks within a device. It starts and controls hardware components, performs built-in diagnostics to detect any errors, and contributes to security, for example, by applying encryption. In addition, firmware supports communication protocols and controls basic functions, such as the camera in a smartphone or the temperature control in an oven.

Embedded software encompasses all software within embedded systems. This includes not only firmware, but also applications that run on top of firmware and enable specific functions.

Embedded software: applications & roles

Embedded software plays a central role in the functioning of modern devices and systems. It controls consumer electronics such as televisions and washing machines, manages software in cars and medical equipment, and supports industrial automation. Embedded software also provides user interfaces and manages communication protocols, enabling devices to work together efficiently and reliably.

Firmware is the operating system of the hardware components themselves. It is tightly integrated with the hardware and ensures the basic functionality and operation of the device. Embedded software includes all software running on an embedded system, including both the firmware and any application software that functions at a higher level.

Overlaps & distinctions

• Firmware = base layer and focused on hardware control
• Embedded software = broader layer, including end-user applications

Firmware is typically simpler and lighter because it focuses on essential hardware control. Embedded software can be much more complex, with extensive features such as user interfaces or network communication.

Firmware updates can be provided by the manufacturer and are usually implemented on the device via specific tools or programs. Firmware updates are intended to fix bugs, improve functionality, or close security vulnerabilities, for example. Embedded software can also be updated, but updates can range from updating firmware to adding new features or replacing entire applications.

Firmware is a specific category of embedded software responsible for controlling hardware components, while embedded software is a broader term encompassing all software used in embedded systems, including firmware and higher-level applications.

SST Hardware has extensive experience developing embedded software and firmware. Want to know the best approach for your situation? Contact SST for advice.